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The Sandwich Principle of Using Quotations
…a silly comparison to explain how to use
quotes effectively for evidence and meaning…
JUST REMEMBER:
You need to put a frame
around your quotations, just like there is a slice of bread on each side of the
meat in a sandwich.
BEFORE THE QUOTE: (the top piece of bread)
Set up the quote with a sentence (that ends with a comma or
colon…) that clarifies the CONTEXT of the quotation--where it comes from, who
said it, when it was said--and states what the quotation will be showing or
proving in terms of proving your point.
AFTER THE QUOTE: (the bottom
piece of bread)
After the quotation, present one or more sentences that clarify the significance of the quote in terms of showing or proving your point. If the quote is working as evidence, seek to connect this evidence to your claim (or thesis). Spell it out.
THE KEY: Don't trust the quotes to speak for
themselves.
For quotes to work effectively you need the complete
sandwich.
Example of one quotation being used effectively:
R. L.
Rosenthal holds similar views on the poem. The author agrees on the focus of aging when he writes, "The two
opening poems face the shock of reaching old age head-on, as earlier poems face
the bafflement of difficult love" (218). Rosenthal agrees that Yeats is feeling inadequate and out of place as an
old man, and Byzantium serves to relieve these discomforts.
Example again (but with the parts color coded):
Set up
Quote
Clarification
R. L. Rosenthal holds
similar views on the poem. The author
agrees on the focus of aging when he writes, "The two opening poems face the shock of reaching old age
head-on, as earlier poems face the bafflement of difficult love" (218). Rosenthal agrees
that Yeats is feeling inadequate and out of place as an old man, and Byzantium
serves to relieve these discomforts.
Moral: Whenever you use a quote, present it as a whole sandwich.
For more information about using quotes, see the Thumbnail
Guidelines for Using Quotations
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