Interactive Close Critical Reading
Many readers approach reading like a certain breed of TV watcher-they melt into the couch, passive observers that blend silently into the upholstery. But another sort (typically seen during football season) jump from their seat and yell curses or pump high fives at the screen. These kinds of TV watchers are ACTIVE. They react to and interact with what they are watching. In college, you will need to be this kind of active reader who "converses" with what you are reading. Whereas other reading you do may be for pleasure or general information, in college you must read for understanding and recall. Just as writing is a process, and you cannot expect a perfect draft the first time you write, so too is reading a process that takes time and effort-much of it through re-reading. The strategies below of pre-reading, reading, and processing will help you read more closely, critically, and interactively.
Graphic taken from Literature: A World of Writing by D. Pike and A. Acosta (2011)		PRE-Reading Read with a pen or pencil Read with a dictionary Skim the text first Find a good reading chair where you can focus
		AS YOU Read Annotate: Mark your text --underline --circle words --write in margin --look up words!!! In the margins --summarize key points/events --ask questions --make connections --record insights
		AFTER YOU Read Process the text through --rereading --re-annotating --outlining --summarizing --discussing

What Good and Struggling Readers Do  --taken and adapted from Kelly Gallagher’s Readicide pgs. 103-105

Good Readers	Struggling Readers
Before Think about what they already know/search their prior knowledge Identify a purpose for reading the text Make predictions Have a sense of how major ideas may fit together	Before Read without thinking of what they already know Don’t know why they are reading the text Make no predictions Don’t have an idea about how major ideas may fit together
During Pay attention to meaning/are able to identify key information Monitor comprehension while reading Look up in a dictionary unfamiliar words Visualize while reading Make inferences Make connections, both inside and outside the text Ask questions of the text Are active and engaged	During Overattend to individual words/ are often unable to make meaning Do not monitor comprehension while reading Are unable to visualize while reading Cannot make inferences Are unable to make connections, both inside and outside the text Have a low tolerance for ambiguity Do not ask questions of the text Are passive and unengaged
After Re-reads--revisits the text to make deeper meaning Reviews annotations with purpose for reading in mind. Continues annotating. Pursues questions of meaning to resolve them Summarizes, outlines, reflects upon the text	After Rarely re-reads. Re-Reading for meaning impeded without good annotations. Doesn’t pursue questions or lack of understanding. Doesn’t write to process the text

Strategies Readers Employ When Reading Gets Hard

Reread Change speeds --slow down when difficulty increased --skim when reading got easy Ask about the author Ask when the piece was written Consider how this time frame influences the author “Chunk” the text; read in parts Read around nonessential clauses Skip ahead Skip hard parts and return to them later—note them in the margin Consider the author’s purpose and intended audience Search prior knowledge

Highlight confusion; note in margin Subvocalize (sound out silently) Visualize; picture scene Make predictions; anticipate Examine the text structure Stop and think about a passage Ask questions—write in margins Use context to clear confusion Notice how punctuation is used Pay close attention to syntax Make note of italics and headings Shift body position in chair Get up and take a break Tell self to focus

Track reading with fingers Paraphrase, restate Summarize, condense to gist Comment—in margins or freewrite Argue with the author Evaluate/question author’s ideas Attack unfamiliar words --by looking a context clues --by looking at prefixes, suffixes, roots --by looking up in the dictionary Live with ambiguity Draw conclusions—note in margins Make connections to similar or different things both inside the text and outside

Examples of Annotating Texts While Close, Interactive, Critical Reading

Example of an Annotated Short Story:
From Porter-O’Doneell, Carol, “Beyond the Highlighter: Teaching Annotation Skills to Improve Reading Comprehension,” English Journal, Vol. 93, No. 5, May 2004.

Example #2 of Close Reading of James Joyce's short story "Eveline"

Example of an Annotated Poem:
From Burgey, Patricia, “How to Annotate a Poem,” University of West Georgia. http://www.westga.edu/~pburgey/Poetry/HowToAnnotateAPoem.htm

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